Blood Brothers Theatre Review Essay Example for Free

Kindred spirits Theater Review Essay We visited the Phoenix Theater on the fourth of October and when we the play began I was attracted to the real setting of the stage; right off the bat differentiate in the set and how it spoke to the two side’s class partition. Mrs Johnstone’s colossal family totally confined up in the little, disintegrating, spray painting secured terraced committee lodging with the remainder of the laborers and Mrs Lyon’s huge exquisite rural segregated house with is created iron road light and huge windows and furthermore with the inside of the houses just the kitchen of Mrs Johnstone’s house is demonstrated flooding with cooking utensils and clothing and other household technicalities yet not a seat in sight which implies Mrs Johnstone is in every case either shown standing up or sitting on the progression though Mrs Lyons lounge room is appeared with its classy beautifying, workmanship deco lights, corner columns and a huge couch in the center where she is regularly i ndicated sitting on offering another complexity among her and Mrs Johnstone. Another element of the setting I especially delighted in was the raked stage which permitted better levels for the on-screen characters the stage is vigorously raked, implying that a great deal of the activity is anything but difficult to see from everywhere throughout the house. The set is straightforward and stays fixed, making an engaged exhibition space and accentuated certain scenes like when Mrs Lyons recommended Mrs Johnstone give her one of the twins she upstaged Mrs Johnstone who needed to go to react and furthermore takes into account various scenes, for example, when Mrs Lyons uncovered Eddie and Linda’s ‘affair’ she went Micky to confront upstage where Eddie and Linda are strolling together, which stresses the cross cutting of that scene and another component of the raked stage is that it just permitted a superior perspective on the Performance for the crowd. The Play started with a solidified picture of the dead twins seen through a red dressing shade and the storyteller gives the lines he is to rehash toward the end This utilization of Dramatic Irony implies you identify more with the characters knowing the destiny that anticipates them and it is likewise an exceptionally emotional approach to start the show quickly attracting you making pose inquiries which obviously are replied all through the span of the play. The emotional incongruity likewise makes you play nearer regard for the play as you are constrained to perceive how the circumstance could have been maintained a strategic distance from and it is appeared through foretelling that all that would happen was unchangeable from when a multi year old micky professed to shoot a multi year old Eddie to when a multi year old Sammy threatened to use a blade out on the transport. These brief looks into their future may have been missed on the off chance that you weren’t totally Hoo ked on the play thus the utilization of encircling and sensational incongruity implies you were caught up in the play totally. The ensemble in the play is a solid portrayal of the societal position of the characters thus everything about Eddie and Mickey’s garments speaks to key pieces of their life and how they have added to their character as their outfits are a huge delegate of the entire nature versus sustain subject of the play. Eddie as a multi year old wears perfectly squeezed slipover sweater over an impeccably white shirt and short pants though mickey was wearing a jumper so worn out and messy its very difficult to figure out what shading it is, it’s loaded with gaps and stretches to well over his knees demonstrating it is in all probability a rummage. The differentiation in the youth childhood of the two characters is evident in their dress, the nearest Eddie has ever come to recycled garments is the point at which he meets mickey then again mickey has most likely adult with his kin old garments and toys and so on. The pre-adult Mickey wears elegant denim and cowhide. Which shows him at what was a mind-blowing pinnacle, the most joyful his is to be in the play. The juvenile Eddie wears an extremely brilliant school uniform The grown-up Mickey again wears a loose jumper. Anyway this is the point at which he is ruled by medication. His apparel likewise delineates the loss of that immense youth vitality he had toward the start of the play. It is difficult to figure out what reason the storyteller serves. In front of an audience he seems wearing a shrewd dark suit â€reminiscent of burial service attire so kind of front shadowing yet the ensemble his gives him an unbiased status, as we can't distinguish anything about his character. It gives him a feeling of secrecy all through the show, and the way that different characters don't recognize him gives him a ghostlike quality aside from when he snaps a photo of. His primary job all through the show is to go about as a consistent suggestion to us of the Brothers’ heartbreaking destiny †exemplified in the melodic number ‘Shoes upon the Table’, which is rehashed Throughout the two demonstrations of the show. It is likewise prominent that as the show initiates with the location of The finale, his clothing resembles that of someone who is going to a burial service †and it appears that he is dressed for such an event all through the whole play. T he characters appear to glance through him or simply maintain a strategic distance from him until Linda requests that he snap their picture and it appears when she does this their lives start to turn out badly, happenstance or were their lives moved by detestable The utilization of sound is conceivably the most remarkable emotional medium utilized in the play; the tunes are incredibly elegantly composed fit perfectly with the subjects of the play and the verses and tune are re utilized all through the play. Music was utilized to draw feeling from the crowd. It likewise assisted with moving along the activity and consistently passed on a subject, message or feeling. Reverberation was additionally utilized in parts of melodies. Anyway it was recorded and in this way gave an extremely dreamlike and counterfeit impact. The music and lighting joined toward the start of the play to make both a DRAMATIC EFFECT and a SAD ATMOSPHERE which worked to attract you. The utilization of the symphony teamed up well with the melodies. The discharge toward the finish of the play functioned admirably as it stunned the crowd regardless of them knowing the consummation. There was an incredible complexity in lighting between the open country and the city. In the wide open it was brilliant and the view comprised of regular green moving slopes and a gem blue sky. Anyway in the city the lighting was a lot darker and the view comprised structures. At the point when the front entryway of Mrs Johnstone house opened light overflowed on to the stage. The motivation behind this was to produce the possibility of essence of Mrs Johnstone and her youngsters living inside the house. The stage was lit up with a red light toward the start of the end. This was utilized as a marker of the slaughter to follow. A red light likewise showed up when Mrs Lyons made advances on the stage. This outlined her frenzy and blame stricken cognizant. This was additionally done by the utilization of power outages. A blue light showed up toward the end when the storyteller made advances on the stage and sang. To delineate the franticness of Mrs Lyons in tune blazing lights went ahead. This caused the crowd to feel uncomfortable and awkward with the character of Mrs Lyons.

Invent a term that defines a personality type (such as soccer mom or Essay

Imagine a term that characterizes a character type, (for example, soccer mother or helicopter parent) - Essay Example It depends on 2 unique words - a wipe and a child. A wipe is an exceptionally spongy material that appears to continue taking everything that is given to it while never giving anything back. A child is a youngster who is exclusively dependent in his folks for his reality. On account of a Sponge Kid, I characterize that individual to be beyond 18 years old, despite everything living with his folks, with no normal wellspring of pay, and as yet getting a recompense from his folks. Typically, an American youngster is viewed as fit for procuring his own salary and accommodating his needs, for example, food and lodging when that the person turns the lawful age of 18. Sometime in the past the offspring of that age consequently moved out in light of the fact that they set off for college out of state and along these lines needed to battle for themselves. However, times have gotten harder for everybody and guardians can no longer bear to help pay their kid's education cost if the kid selects to go to school out of state. In such circumstances, the now youthful grown-up youngster winds up going to either a junior college or a professional school. The person is not, at this point required to move out of the house because of the nearness of their parent's habitation to their instructive establishment. Moreover. the cash that the guardians save money on education costs streams down to the youngster who presently keeps on getting a recompense from his folks. Giving the youngster that he doesn't need to work nor help pay for the costs around the house. Time was the point at which a kid could keep on living in his parent's home just in the event that he consented to pay some little token of lease in any event after turning 18. Guardians no longer expect that of their children nowadays in light of the current monetary atmosphere in the nation. I have a cousin who is currently 21 and still jobless. To the extent we as a whole know, he had figured out how to finish a business deg ree at the neighborhood junior college however he still can't seem to put his hypothetical skill to real utilize. He despite everything lives in a similar house with his folks, in a similar room that he has involved since the day that they brought him home from the emergency clinic. Each time he is inquired as to why he despite everything doesn't have an occupation, he basically answers, â€Å"The economy simply doesn't have any activity to offer at the present time. Dislike I am not looking.† Not that he is to be faulted for his circumstance. His folks have not helped him become a progressively experienced and dependable individual by their activities either. They have snuggled him and accommodated every one of his needs beyond a shadow of a doubt. They guarantee to comprehend that he needs time to â€Å"get his groove† and â€Å"find that ideal job†. By supporting every one of his needs from a bed to rest on, to the cash in his pocket, they have made the ideal wipe youngster. A kid who takes and takes from his folks while never wanting to accommodate himself nor respond the demonstration of thoughtfulness and monetary assistance that his folks stretch out towards him since they â€Å"understand his situation†. A Sponge Kid isn't to be mistaken for a Boomerang kid who really leaves his folks home yet winds up coming back to the family home because of certain budgetary troubles. Boomerang Kids really have lives autonomous of their folks and some of them, as on account of my kin, return home to set aside on cash however really contribute monetarily to the family in whatever limit they can. At the end of the day,

Seven Simple Steps to Attract Money into Your Life

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Google And The World Around Us - 1922 Words

Google and the World Around Us Google. How could such a simple word mean so much? What is it? Google is a corporation, a search engine, and what some people describe as being a way of life. In fact, Google is the fourth most popular website visited in the world (Brin-Gale Biography). And in 2003 Google was at the top of the world as one of the most powerful businesses and presently still is (Page, Gale Biography). However, Google has done a lot more than dominating the Internet domain. Google has helped the world in a variety of ways. The founders of Google, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, have affected the world through their education and upbringing, the creation of Google, and the project Google Green. Lawrence (Larry) Edward†¦show more content†¦Once he read this biography, Page considered Tesla his role-model and certainly followed in his footsteps as well. In high school, Page’s jobs were centered around computer science and math, his favorite fields. He graduated East Lansing High School, and en rolled into the University of Michigan. He specialized in engineering and he focused more specifically in computer science, and graduated with honors! He then enrolled into the University of Stanford for graduate school. There he met Sergey Brin, the other co-founder of Google, who served as his tour guide. Both were considered very bright and intelligent young men. However, they did not get along well at all at first. they both had very strong opinions in computers, technology, and urban planning, but somehow, some way, they figured it out to be one at the top of the world. Sergey Mikhailovich Brin was born August of 1973 in Moscow, Russia to his parents Michael Brin and Eugenia Brin. In 1979 he and his family emigrated to the United States of America to escape the Anti-Semitism overtake of the country, and continued his childhood throughout California and Maryland. His father, Michael Brin, who was an economist and mathematician took up a job by being a professor at the University of Maryland. His mother, Eugenia Brin, was a mathematician and engineer who worked at the NASA Space Flight Center in Maryland. Brin

The Effects Of Video Games On Pop Culture - 1116 Words

Around the middle of the 20th Century man cultures started to grow beyond what they previously were thanks to different mediums (such as television and music) helping to push boundaries; with this came the birth of pop culture. Considering pop culture is a shortened version of popular culture it’s clear that many of the things in pop culture would be short lived. The short lived trends and happenings are labeled as â€Å"fads†. Strangely enough, some fads are made to transform and actually become a mainstay in the varying international cultures. One such example might be familiar as it is common in today’s society. This example is, indeed, video games. When video games were first being introduced to the general public they weren’t all that†¦show more content†¦This led to a market that was flooded with consoles and left many consumers confused. Adding to this confusion was the fact that there wasn’t many reliable sources for game informatio n. The market was overwhelmed with lackluster and poorly made games and no one was being informed as to which games these were. So eventually people just stopped buying games. All of this mixed with Atari manufacturing too many console units and games led to a market crash many call â€Å"The Video Game Crash of ‘83† causing many to label video games as a dying fad. Several years had passed and a Japanese company by the name of Nintendo decided it wanted to enter the market. Nintendo’s Family Computer, or Famicom, was doing well in Japan and Nintendo wanted to try and find success in North America. This proved to be difficult because America was still wary on the idea of game consoles after the crash. To try and avoid the skepticism that came with items labeled as a game console, Nintendo rebranded the Famicom as the Nintendo Entertainment System and marketed it as a toy. Believe it or not, this actually worked and Nintendo became a household name. In order to ke ep their success going Nintendo took steps to avoid another market crash. Nintendo would put developers under a contract that kept them on their console and would keep them from developing games for developers. Developers also had a limited amount of games they could release in a year as

Focus groups Free Essays

string(75) " people who know each other really good, because the degree of \( 1988, p\." â€Å"MARKETING RESEARCH † Introduction Before traveling farther we must understand definition of Marketing. American Marketing Association defines selling as â€Å"the systematic assemblage, entering and analyzing of informations about jobs associating to the selling of goods and services† . There are many research techniques that can be used for marketing intent, among that we are traveling to discourse about Focus group Focus Group A focal point group is a particular type of group in footings of intent, size, composing and process. We will write a custom essay sample on Focus groups or any similar topic only for you Order Now A intent of focal point group is to listen and garner information. It is a manner to better understand how people think or feel about an issue, merchandises and services. Participants are selected because they have certain focal point group provide qualitative informations features that relate to the subject of focal point group. A focal point group survey is carefully planned series of treatment designed to obtain a perceptual experience on a defined country of involvement in a permissive, nonthreatening environment. Each group is created by six or eight people by skilled interviewer. The treatment are relaxed and frequently participant enjoy sharing their thoughts and perceptual experience. Group member influences each other by reacting to thoughts and remarks of others. A. Features Following are the chief features of Focus groups. 1. Focus groups involves peoples: – Focus group typically composed of five to ten peoples, but the size can run from every bit few as four to every bit many as 12. The group must be little plenty for everyone to hold an chance to portion penetrations and yet big plenty to diverseness of perceptual experience. When the group exceeds a twelve participants there is a inclination for the group to break up. Participants want to speak but unable to speak because there is merely non a sufficient intermission in the conversation. In this state of affairs participants portion by whispering to the people next to them. This is signal that group is large. Small group of four or five participants afford more chance. 2. Peoples possess the certain features Focus groups are composed of participants who are similar to each other in a manner that is of import to researcher. The nature of this homogeneousness is determine by the intent of survey. This similarity is footing for enlisting and participants are typically informed of this common factor at the beginning of treatment. This homogeneousness can be loosely or narrowly defined, for illustration suppose an grownup community instruction wanted to cognize more about how to make people who have n’t participated in their plan. In this instance homogeneousness could be loosely define as grownups who live in the community who have non yet attend community instruction session. Group member can be vary by age, gender, business, and involvement, but member have the commonalty of being grownups, community members and non members. 3. Focus groups provide a qualitative information: – The end of focal point group is to roll up informations that are involvement to the research worker typically to happen the scope of options of people across several groups. This research compares and contrasted informations collected from at least three focal point groups. This differs from other group interactions in which the end is to come to some decision at the terminal of a treatment – range consensus, supply recommendations or do determinations among options. The focal point groups present a natural environment than that of an person because participants are act uponing and influenced by others merely as they are in life. The research worker serves several maps in the focal point group, moderator, hearer, observer and finally analyst utilizing an inductive procedure. 4. Focus groups have a focussed treatment: – The inquiries in focal point group are carefully predetermined. The inquiries are phrased and sequence so they are easy to understand and logical to the participants. Most are unfastened ended inquiries. These inquiries appear self-generated but are develop through considerable contemplation and input. The set of inquiries called oppugning path or interview usher is so arranged in natural and logical sequence. Question near the beginning of the groups are more general. As the groups continues the inquiries becomes more specific and more focussed. The beginning inquiries help acquire people speaking and believing about the subject. Questions near the terminal of group typically yield the most utile information. There is no force per unit area by moderator to hold the group reach consensus. Alternatively attending is placed on understanding the feeling, the remark, and through procedure of participants as they discussed the issues. B. Uses of Focus group Following are the utilizations of focal point groups research techniques. 1. Helps in determination devising 2. Helps for merchandise development 3. This information can be used for research intent 4. They are of import for treatment intent. When to utilize focal point group 1. To prove new construct 2. To measure advertising/ copy 3. To measure publicity 4. To developed questionnaire 5. To bring forth thoughts or support brainstorming 6. To place product/services 7. To measure merchandise serviceability C. Advantages: – 1. Malleability 2. Provides observation of existent consumer in an synergistic scene. 3. Involves fewer participants compared to quantitative methods. 4. Can be arranged on short notice and at a lower cost. 5. Statistical analysis is unneeded. D. Disadvantages: – 1. Focus group consequences are non quantitative 2. Sample size is little ; consequence are non projectable 3. Participants do non stand for the mark market 4. Subject are way of the treatment are moderator dependant 5. Careful reading of the information is important. E. How to carry on focal point group A short overview of the literature provides some suggestion for carry oning focal point groups. The figure of groups you should carry on depends on your research inquiry and on the figure of different population subgroups required ( morgan1988, p.42 ) .it is by and large suggested that it is more appropriate to work with unusual alternatively of groups of friends or people who know each other really good, because the degree of ( 1988, p. You read "Focus groups" in category "Essay examples"48 ) .it is besides suggested that you should get down with the group every bit heterogenous as possible and so run a 2nd set if groups that are more homogenous ( 1988, p.73 ) .in each instance it is necessary to get down the group with some sort of warming up. These two gap of focal point groups are really typical and helpful: Before we begin our treatment, it will be helpful for us to acquire acquainted with one another. Let ‘s get down with some introductory remarks about ourselves. Ten, why do n’t you get down and we ‘ll travel around the tabular array and give our names and small about what we do for life? Today we ‘re traveling to discourse an issue that affects you. Before we get into treatment, allow me do few petition of you. First, you should cognize that we are tape entering the session so that I can mention back to treatment when I write my study. If anyone is uncomfortable with being recorded please say so and, of class you are free to go forth. Make talk up and Lashkar-e-Taibas try to hold merely one individual speak at a clip. I will pay traffic bull and seek to guarantee that everyone gets turn. Finally, delight state precisely what you think, do n’t worry about what I think what our neighbour thinks. We are here to interchange sentiment and have fun while we do it. Why do n’t we get down by presenting ourselves? Postal Questionnaire Questionnaire is a list of written inquiries, there are two types of questionnaire, foremost were respondent could inquire to finish the inquiry with research worker non present these types of questionnaire is called as postal questionnaire. And secondly respondent could inquire to finish inquiry with research nowadays is called as structured interview ( Sociological Research Skills ) . Questionnaires are restricted two types: Near ended: in this type research worker provides a list of suited response ( Sociological Research Skills ) . Open ended: in this type research worker non supply any suited list of response to the response dent.respondent asked to compose the reply in their ain manner ( Sociological Research Skills ) . For my undertaking I am utilizing postal questionnaire because I am a pupil and I am non able to travel each and every topographic points of Singapore. One of the most dependable methods of research is postal questionnaire because it ‘s really easy for research worker to standardise and analyse the inquiries. Each respondent answered precisely same inquiry. And I am utilizing stopping point ended inquirer in this. Appendix Questionnaire Q.1a. Among all new theoretical accounts of auto which theoretical account you purchased? Answer: – — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – Q.1b. When? Answer Day: – _____ , Month: – _______ , Year: – ________ Q.2 What primary factors will you see foremost while buying a auto? Answer ( A ) Average ( B ) Speed ( C ) Maintenance ( D ) Comfort Q.3 By what beginning you come to cognize about this auto? Answer ( A ) Internet ( B ) Television ( C ) Magazine ( D ) Motor Show Exhibition ( E ) Other If other please advert your beginning below: – †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Q.4 How much clip will you pass for determination of buying a new auto? Answer ( A ) Less than two hebdomads ( B ) 2 hebdomads to 4 hebdomads ( C ) 4 hebdomads to 6 hebdomads ( D ) More than 6 hebdomads Q.5 Time taken by trader from puting order to bringing of order? Answer ( A ) Less than 3 hebdomads ( B ) Three hebdomads to one month ( C ) One month to three months ( D ) More than three months Q.6 Among all this companies which companies auto will you prefer? Answer ( A ) Audi ( B ) Lancer ( C ) Mercedes ( D ) Sonata Q.7 Excluding any sedimentation how was your vehicle chiefly paid for? Answer ( A ) Loan ( B ) Cash ( C ) Leasing ( D ) Other Q.8 After subscribing a contract how many yearss did it takes for your vehicle to be delivered? Answer ______________ Days Q.9 Please place the chief alternate vehicle that you considered? Answer†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . Q.10 How would you rate your overall buying experience at the franchise? Answer ( A ) Poor ( B ) Met outlook ( C ) Satisfactory ( D ) Excellent Q.11 Did you receive any benefits for taking an alternate specification to ypur preferable pick? Answer ( A ) No ( B ) Yes If yes please reference below †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . Q.12 How did you corroborate your concluding order with trader? Answer ( A ) Phone ( B ) Fax ( C ) Personally ( D ) Other Q.13 Is this auto is satisfactory to your demands? Answer ( A ) Yes ( B ) No Reason: – †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Q. 14 Do you believe buying auto is really hard process? Answer ( A ) Yes ( B ) No Q. 15 How satisfied are you with the clip taken to finish the full sale procedure at your franchise? Answer ( A ) Poor ( B ) Average ( C ) Satisfactory ( D ) Outstanding Decision: – †¢ This study inside informations the consequences of a study of new auto purchasers which aimed to understand their purchasing demands and behavior in relation to build-to-order and short bringing lead times. It was portion of a research programme that examined the nature of demand for a Car †¢ Brochures, trader gross revenues staff, auto magazines and friends/relatives were the most common beginnings of new auto information beginnings used. The cyberspace was used by merely under one fifth, and peculiar by those aged 25 to 35 old ages. †¢ Colour or pigment type was the most popular type of specification alteration, and 46 % of those who compromised said they received some signifier of benefit from the trader for making so – preponderantly a price reduction on their new autos, followed by specification ascent. There big differences across the trade names in the benefits offered. †¢ The most common twenty-four hours for doing an order was Saturday, and the most common twenty-four hours for roll uping the new auto was Friday. Most orders and aggregations were made in the afternoon, though about 20 % said they collected their autos in the eventide †¢ On norm, new auto purchasers contacted or visited their trader three times when buying their auto †¢ Key themes that emerged from the consequences included the differences in attitudes and behavior of younger auto purchasers, and differences between volume and specialist purchasers. †¢ Younger auto purchasers are much more impatient than older purchasers and more predisposed to altering their behavior to guarantee they are ‘instantly gratified ‘ . †¢ Specialist purchasers are prepared to wait longer for their autos, with the suggestion that they make a clear nexus between quality and clip – that is, a premium auto by its nature will take longer to do and present. While technically there should be small difference in fabrication and bringing clip for both volume and specializer autos, it can be argued that the current selling and gross revenues system feats and reinforces this out-of-date belief. †¢ Overall, the research suggests that order to bringing clip affairs to new auto purchasers, that consumers expectation are high in footings of a short lead clip. Mention Focus Group As Qualitative Research David L. Morgan Focus Groups Theory and Practice David W. Stewart, Denis W. Rook The Focus Group Research Handbook Holly Edmunds How to cite Focus groups, Essay examples

Evaluation of Code of Ethics and Analysis on Independent Directors

Question: Describe about the Evaluation of Code of Ethics and Analysis on Independent Directors . Answer: 1: The following set of evaluations focuses upon alleviating the ethical dilemma arising as a result of approaches made by the CEO of CCCL in order to manipulates the auditing report prepared for the holding company for the personal gains of the management of CCCL including the CEO. Moreover, the evaluations have been made using several ethical principles in addition to different set of moral principles to bring out the level of deviations from the ethical guidelines mentioned in the handbooks of ethics and good corporate governance. American Accounting Association Model Decision Making Process Evaluating the facts in this case The fact of the case are that Belinda Battersby has been approached by the CEO of Complete Cancer Care Limited (CCCL) to provide a falsifying report that two linear accelerators are fit for use in radiography tests. Moreover, CEO Adam Chase also indicated that Battersby and Associates has a probability of getting the auditing contract of CCCL next year in order in return for falsifying the audit report of linear accelerator. Ethical Issues pertaining to the case In case Belinda agrees to produce a false report on the functionality of the linear accelerator the health risks of radiation from x-ray emitting from the accidents rises on the patients undergoing ontological treatment at the hospital increases. Rules and values enumerated in the Code of Ethics The professional values that are enumerated in different levels of code of ethics with regard to auditing and assurance services are maintained through the application of moral and ethical principles in the execution of investigation and examination. The ethical codes are a measure and code of professional conduct that focuses on attaining the level of professional excellence in pursuit of the highest standards in execution of auditory services. In term of manipulation of auditory report, in order to benefit one party at the cost of other stakeholder, can have multidimensional impact upon the level of corporate operations along with the impact upon all the users of services that are based upon the auditors report. The level of expertise maintained by the auditors based upon which the numerous stakeholder tend to carry on their decision making activities also brings forth the level of risks inculcated through bad advice both to the management and that of the stakeholders. The primary task to alleviate ethical dilemmas as regards to the auditing reports and evaluation comprises of identification of ethical threats that may occur at different stages if auditing process. In the present case the ethical dilemma lies between the level of incentive that the auditor shall receive next year in turn for the manipulations of audit report to showcase the ability of the radiography accelerator to conduct proper treatment of cancer patients. Alternative courses of action The alternative courses of actions that occur in the present case can be attributed to showcasing the level of unethical practices that are conducted through different forms of unethical incentives. The monetary incentive behind the unethical behavior of CEO of CCCL can have long term repercussions of adverse medical nature. The compliance with the concept of ethical prudence also takes into account the auditing guidelines relating to audit of medical facilities and operations along with issues regarding the medical equipments. The present case brings forth a situation whereby the degree of misinformed judgments brought forth by the false audit reports can lead to detrimental Comparison between alternative and ethical values The dilemma with regards to the level of manipulation of accounting and auditing services in return for financial and economical incentives can be inferred to have adverse impact upon the well being of the prospective stakeholder in the cancer treatments at CCCL. Evaluating the probable consequences The probable consequences of the misguided and self inflicted ethical dilemma may lead to loss of human lives along with severely affecting the level of care that could have been provided through use of judicious and ethical measures in presentation of reports. The limits as regards to the fall out of the linear accelerator causing radiations an effects the further repercussions of the level of enhancements as regards to the following side effects of radioactive elements. Decision making as regards to the issue Belinda Battersby needs to consider the consequences of her designs and that of her firm to provide a falsifying report of the present conditions of the linear accelerator. Well founded ethical code of conduct that sets forth amount of deviation of the unbiased audit report as compared to that of the falsification of the functionality report with regard to the accelerators presented at CCCL. Barnsby shall reject the unethical practices conducted by the CEO and follow ethical guidelines enumerated in the models relating to moral dilemmas Rezaee Et al, I2015). With regards to ethical dilemma faced by the auditor in deciding whether to refrain from activities that results in financial gains or to indulge in them at the costs of risking the lives of the Cancer patients about to get treatment at CCCL. Table 1: Showcasing the level of deviation from ethical principles that is proposed by the CEO through offering of non monetary incentives (Source: As created by the author) 2: Introduction: The role of independent directors comprises of overseeing the different set of management decisions taken over by the board and put forth suggestive measures in order to rectify or enhance the management decision making process. The principle role of independent directors pertains to advising the executive board member in an attempt to safeguard the interests of the shareholders. The limited authority of an independent director restricts any attempts of detecting fraudulent activities and corporate malpractices in the organization. However, despite limitations the independent directors can still run through internal management report and review the discrepancies found in such reports. With regards to the corporate operations specified as regards to the company the presence of extended level of authority to the independent directors ensures a enhanced quantum of adherence to corporate regulations. Current recommendations towards inclusion of Independent Directors: The occurrence of numerous corporate scandals has resulted largely from unethical practices followed by the executive board members. Jones Welsh (2012) states that advent of numerous corporate governance issues has impacted the investors confidence adversely. Therefore it is imperative to take into account the limitations pertaining to the functions of independent directors and broaden their purview in order to mitigate the risks of principal-agent conflicts. Moreover, Masulis, Wang Xie (2012) mentions that corporate firms should consider inclusion of independent directors that have relevant experience in terms of overseeing multinational ventures. In terms of policy formulations by the regulators, the role of independent business directors remains ambiguous. The role of independent directors is suggested to be extended to include the different sets of audit and accounting verification, evaluation of the level of counter measures undertaken by the management boards to prevent adequ ate adherence to the regulatory guidelines as regards to the level of corporate operations (Masulis, Wang Xie, 2012). The level of manipulation made by managerial personnel at different levels of operations may in turn be compensated by the strict vigilance of an unbiased overseer of the whole company operations. In order to minimize the level of fraudulent activities it is suggest enhancing the examining and supervising authority of the non executive directors (Ahmed Henry, 2012). The probability of fraudulent activities decreases as regards to the level of unethical and unlawful activities. Moreover, as far as the issues regarding investors confidence along with the future prospects of the company are concerned, it may experience a positive response. In terms of strategic planning the non executive and independent directors can provide beneficial advise as well guiding in the formulations of different for market analysis framework. Through active participation in day to day acti vities of the company and by providing separate evaluation report of managerial performance to the financial regulators the independent directors can increase the accountability of management. Evaluations of necessities for independent directors: Previous track records of corporate malpractices showcase the fact that regulation of adverse agency costs are imperative in order to restore corporate governance measures. In order to reduce the disparity between the interests of the shareholders and that of the key managerial personnel it becomes imperative to include independent directors into managerial decision making (Ahmed Henry, 2012). Corporate regulators preference for expanding purview of independent directors, in terms of participation in different sets of committees to oversee timely compliance to auditing standards, is justifiable in order to inculcate good corporate governance practices. Moreover, Masulis, Wang Xie (2012) mentions that inclusion of independent directors into the board would result in heightened level of strategy development along with policy reforms in terms of operations, management of finances and restriction of unjust level of compensations offered to the key managers and directors. Further, Hopt (2013) states that monitoring of financial performance and vigilance upon corporate policies is material factors in context of corporate governance. In order to collect corporate information more reliably and dissemination of that information to the numerous investors and stakeholders of the company the presence of independent directors in the management decision making is crucial (Knyazeva, Knyazeva Masulis, 2013). The independent director has the ability inculcated to supplement shareholders with critical evaluation of managerial and non managerial personnel. Butler (2012) mentions in this context that the amount of regulation that is imposed upon Australian Firms in regards to the misstatements and window dressing of income statement and balance sheet ion due to certain internal factors. The governance and regulations pertaining to the level of corporate integrity cannot fulfill its desired objectives without the assistance of an independent director to see through that the corp orations and the board of directors adheres to such guidelines. Evaluation of factors that impede the effectiveness of independent directors: Ahmed Henry (2012) mentions that lack of conducive environment for the functioning of an independent directors results towards decrease in levels of productivity and contributions made by such directors. Moreover, in the view of Chan, Watson Woodliff (2014), the factors relating to information asymmetries results in disadvantageous situations for the independent directors as they are devoid of material financial and non financial information. Further, as preparation of managerial and financial reports comes under purview on executive board members, the probability regarding manipulations of financial and non financial data increases. Tower Rusmin (2012) states that dependency of non executive and independent directors on the manipulated financial statement and audit reports for drawing conclusions, severely impairs their judgments. In terms of communication between lower level employees and that of managerial personnel the feedback cannot be analyzed on a consistent basis therefor e resulting in a limit upon the evaluation of productivity and potential alleviation of management crisis. Recommendations Restructuring of power arrangement at the directorship level can reduce the amount of biasness in board decision making. Further, through inculcating a sense of collective responsibility among the executive and independent directors both the financial and non financial decision making process can be streamlined. It terms of mitigating risks pertaining to bankruptcy of the company or in regards to the lesser adherence of regulations leading to manipulation of financial figures, providing higher levels of authority to independent directors may prove beneficial. Moreover, the presence of independent directors in the board as trustee of the stakeholders may result in the prevention of accounting and management frauds along with a tight regulation on irrational compensation offered to the key managerial personnel and executive directors. Further, the overall integrity of the firm increases exponentially with presence of good corporate governance and on the other hand good corporate practi ces in turn is dependent upon the presence of unbiased overseer such as an independent director. Conclusion: The above report showcased the significance of independent directors as regards to the level of regulations and supervisory activities that can be undertaken by such directors with the assistance and backing of regulators and shareholders. Through enhancement of authority with regards to preventing the level of manipulation in the corporate financial statement along with the report procured by the manager the purview of the independent director broadens. References: Ahmed, K., Henry, D. (2012). Accounting conservatism and voluntary corporate governance mechanisms by Australian firms.Accounting Finance,52(3), 631-662. Azim, M. I. (2012). Corporate governance mechanisms and their impact on company performance: A structural equation model analysis.Australian journal of management, 0312896212451032. Beekes, W., Brown, P., Zhang, Q. (2015). Corporate governance and the informativeness of disclosures in Australia: a reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ examination.Accounting Finance,55(4), 931-963. Butler, S. R. (2012). All on Board: Strategies for Constructing Diverse Boards of Directors.Va. L. Bus. Rev.,7, 61. Chan, M. C., Watson, J., Woodliff, D. (2014). Corporate governance quality and CSR disclosures.Journal of Business Ethics,125(1), 59-73. Fiolleau, K., Kaplan, S. E. (2016). Recognizing ethical issues: An examination of practicing industry accountants and accounting students.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-18 Gaynor, G. B., Janvrin, D. J., Pittman, M. K., Pevzner, M. B., White, L. F. (2015). Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on IESBA Consultation Paper: Improving the Structure of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,9(1), C12-C17. Gist, W. E., Anderson, U. L., Janvrin, D. J., Pitman, M. K. (2015). Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on the IESBA ED Release (August 14, 2014), Proposed Changes to Certain Provisions of the Code Addressing the Long Association of Personnel with an Audit or Assurance Client: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,9(1), C18-C22. Hopt, K. J. (2013). Corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions after the financial crisis.Journal of Corporate Law Studies,13(2), 219-253. Jones, R. M., Welsh, M. A. (2012). Toward a Public Enforcement Model for Directors' Duty of Oversight.vanderbilt journal of transnational law,45(2), 343. Knyazeva, A., Knyazeva, D., Masulis, R. W. (2013). The supply of corporate directors and board independence.Review of Financial Studies,26(6), 1561-1605. Masulis, R. W., Wang, C., Xie, F. (2012). Globalizing the boardroomThe effects of foreign directors on corporate governance and firm performance.Journal of Accounting and Economics,53(3), 527-554. Rezaee, Z., Abernathy, J., Causholli, M., Michas, P. N., Roush, P. B., Rowe, S., Velury, U. K. (2015). Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Concept Release on Audit Quality Indicators, No. 2015-005, July 1, 2015: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,10(1), C11-C27. Suchard, J. A., Pham, P. K., Zein, J. (2012). Corporate Governance and the Cost of Capital: Evidence from Australian Firms.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,24(3), 84-93. Tower, G., Rusmin, R. (2012). Legitimising corporate sustainability reporting throughout the world.Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal,6(2), 19.

Hospital System Management Essays - Health, Personal Life

Hospital System Management Introduction Technology in modern world is increasingly becoming important and necessary in the lives of many people and organizations. For example, use of technology can be cited to be in great use in key areas like education, entertainment, advertisements, banking, warehousing and health (Prakashan 2008, p. 6). Due to this, it can be deduced that for organizations to succeed in modern world the aspect of automation is vital and necessary. Automation of organizations in itself is considered to play a key role of increasing efficiency in the organization while at the same time ensuring quality services that are delivered within the organization (Prakashan 2008, p. 6). All these activities have become possible due to emergence and development of computer systems that are increasingly becoming important within organization due to their ability to add value to services. Different computer based systems have been developed and currently each of them play an important and integrated management role in an organization. Some of the available computer based systems that organizations rely on include Management Information Systems (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) that are useful in computerizing different activities (Prakashan 2008, p. 6). In this respect of understanding, computer systems in an organization that this research paper aims at study hospital system management in a developing country. Key objectives to realize this include: briefly researching on the history of hospital system management, analysis of existing hospital systems management in a developing country, explaining how a good system should look like and lastly, identifying the ways of managing a hospital system when it has been integrated. Hospital System Management: History Computer systems have evolved to become useful in performing functions like collecting, analyzing, storing, retrieving and displaying information appropriately, as it may be required. At the same time, computer systems perform an important function of integrating resource flows, functions of management organizational working of departments together with various technologies implemented by the organization. To this extent computer systems in an organization are becoming a necessity that an organization cannot function effectively in absence of such systems. In the 21st century, especially for organizations, it entails that to insure an excellent performance organizations will need superior systems that have ability to integrate organizations' activities more effectively. Hospital systems management has been used interchangeably with hospital management systems where in most books the two words have been used to mean the same thing. Moreover, analyzing information in most books on HSM, a thin line that is almost non-existence characterizes HSM and hospital information systems (HIS). Therefore, research on HSM will largely be intertwined with HIS. Accounting HSM history, one has to remember that the history is largely associated with the emergence and development of management engineering in organizations (Wolper 2011, p. 403). The history of the development of hospital system management can be categorized into four groups: 1950s period; 1960-1970 period; 1980s period; 1990s period and the future (present) period (Wolper 2011, p. 403). The 1950s period was characterized by growth of management engineering in hospital where was full-time employment of hospital management engineer. Further, this period was characterized by the development of university programs for education and service in management engineering and the subsequent founding of the hospital management system society (HMSS) in 1961 (Wolper 2011, p. 403). As time went by HMSS has started to be a membership society for majority of information system specialists and since then it evolved to become known as health information and management systems society (HIMSS) in the present times (Wolper 2011, p. 403). The period between 1960s and 1970s was characterized by increased utilization of system resources as management engineering became more integrated in organizations. Utilization of systems was seen to be necessary especially at increasing productivity in healthcare organizations. During this period, management engineering became concerned with improving operations in problem departments and this included enhancing patient admission processes and improving supply systems together with developing efficient employee-scheduling systems (Wolper 2011, p. 403). During the 1980s period hospital management system as a young field continued to grow and expand. This was the period when federal prospective payment system (PPS) was developed (Wolper 2011, p. 403). The objective behind this development was to reduce acute hospitalization that had become a great problem. Systems during this period also concentrated on hospital staffing where was a large creation of systems to maximize reimbursement. During the 1990s period PPS systems continued to be vital but their usefulness was outweighed by great pressures to reduce healthcare costs. As a result, there was the development of an enhanced new reimbursement system that could manage care (Wolper 2011,

Harrison Bergeron and real life

Harrison Bergeron and real life Character Similarities Kurt Vonnegut’s â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† tells a story about a fourteen year old â€Å"child† who is somewhat of a prodigy. In a world where people are held back because of their talents, and their intelligence is marred by the social rules of all people being the same, Harrison refuses to succumb to the pressure and wants to break free (Gelder, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† and real life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main character can be greatly compared to my cousin who is almost 20 years old. He is also a very talented person and likes music. His ear is very well adjusted to sounds and melodies, so when he hears some song or is creating some of his own, he is able to understand what is needed to fill in the gaps or make the melody more beautiful (Werlock, 2009). Another similarity between Kurt Vonnegut’s character a nd my cousin Phil is that they are both very analytical. Very often, I find Phil sitting behind his desk and writing out his thoughts. He seems to be eager to figure out what the world is, why people have lives and understanding. I find it his talent to have a â€Å"feeling† towards something. When he thinks about a problem, he does not use logic first. He comprehends the situation and listens to himself letting his inner self to tell him how he feels about a subject. It is interesting to note that he is not quite aware how this process takes place, but it is for certain that he is able to distinguish between useless and important information which later becomes key to a the problem at hand. He is also very knowledgeable of people’s psychology and inner desires, so when he thinks about someone he is able to discern the real behavior from fake one. I think that he has a gift of predicting certain things because all the problems that he encounters, he solves. As Harrison felt pushed down by the government, and prevented from reaching his goals and dreams, so does Phil. Sometimes, he engages in conversations with my father where they discuss why the government is so unwilling to allow people to reach their heights and become everything they can be. Often, they talk about conspiracies in educational institutions and work places, citing the fact that the information that is presented is purposefully faulty, and people are â€Å"dumbed down†, so that they show no resistance to the authority of the government. Phil always feels emotional and wants to change something. This is another similarity between Phil and Harrison Bergeron because they are both trying to change the world (Farrell, 2009). Phil is thinking about publishing a book, but it would be extremely difficult because the things that he wants to write are very controversial and challenging. He is sure that his greater purpose in life is to make the world better. His thoughts always revo lve around making people realize that whatever the governments or media say is not what is most valuable in life. He wants to bring people down to a more â€Å"natural† existence where there is greater interaction between people and the world.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The parallel between the two people, one fictional and one real is very obvious because both seem to function on a higher level. Nature is still a very mysterious thing, and it shows its power and secrets through people. References Farrell, S. (2009). Critical Companion to Kurt Vonnegut. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. Gelder, G. (2009). The Very Best of Fantasy Science Fiction: Sixtieth Anniversary Anthology. San Francisco, CA: Tachyon Publications. Werlock, A. (2009). Companion to Literature: Facts on File Companion to the American Short Story. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing.

Knowledge Management ACADEMIC REPORT Coursework

Knowledge Management ACADEMIC REPORT - Coursework Example The following report is a critical analysis of the A&E knowledge management (KM) strategies. The report also reveals how different organizational factors in the department affect the hospitals strategies of managing knowledge. St Mary Hospital aims to provide specialized patient-centered care to all its clients. The hospital personnel strives to optimize the experience of the patient by facilitating the provision of innovative health care. The staffs of the hospital takes part in training and research and use the evidence they gather to offer quality care. Every other day, experts in the medical field, discover new methods of managing patients. Researchers need to disseminate the knowledge to the people on the ground to increase its usefulness. In St Mary Hospital, the management of the hospital provides enough resources for training and updating the A&E nurses. However, there are no changes in patient outcomes, and mortality rates are still high. One of the objectives of the organization is to improve clinical outcomes of patients. Hence, a critical appraisal of the organizational factors breaking the chain of KM is necessary for the survival of the hospital. In today’s world, ineffective use of knowledge in an organization could be detrimental to its performance. Knowledge is crucial to the survival and success of every hospital, firm, company, and project (Hislop, 2013). There are new health care providers, enterprises, hospitals, entrepreneurs and service providers flooding the market every minute of every day. Therefore, every firm desires to gain competitive advantage over the others to secure and a place in the global market. The purpose of managing knowledge in the company is to maximize its learning related effectiveness (Greiner, et al., 2007). Likewise, in medical centres, knowledge is of utmost importance. Today’s disease patterns are unique and becoming

Islamic accounting & Financial reporting assignment

Islamic accounting & Financial reporting - Assignment Example However, it has a number of similarities that can be identified. The main difference between these two is can be seen in the focus each of the two standards. For instance, the ijarah contracts as standardized by the AAOFI are geared towards making it possible for the firm to be able to report its income in such a way that it shows the honesty of its operations, especially with regard to the principles outlines in the Quran. The IFRS standards on the other hand focus on the economic aspect of any business transaction between the firm and the customer. This means that minor differences will arise while trying to compare the two statements of accounts prepared by either of the standards. However, this does not lead to a full dichotomy of the two standards but only leads to some minor differences that can be reconciles when preparing he books of accounts. As has been discussed, ijarah is a form of banking arrangement that allows banks and individuals to gain some form of profit after giving a loan to another individual. Instead of the lender charging an interest, they enter into an agreement with the lessee. The agreement is made in a way that allows the lender to gain some profit by the end of the transaction. Basically, ijarah based contracts have two phases (Ismal, 2013). For instance, when a person goes to the banks to take a car loan in a Sharia compliant bank, the bank will finance the purchase of the car and instead of requiring the customer to pay interest, the bank will hire out the car to the customer. The first phase of the contract, there will be an agreement with regard to how long the lease period will last (Karim, 2010). Once the period of the lease is over and the cusromern has aid al the lease charges, the first contract ends the second contract, or the second phase of the ijarah kicks in. This second part of the ija rah is the sale of the car. The value of the car is priced by calculating the residual value of the

The Apple Inc After Steve Jobs Commerce Essay

The Apple Inc After Steve Jobs Commerce Essay The purpose of this assignment and the selection of Steve Jobs case study draw in many features of leadership theories and works connected with Jobs Apple or his business activity. His leadership tells again one further thing that sometimes successful leaders may divide into two camps the whole world : some adore the leader and others cannot stand him. This sensation is not so unusual as example of Margaret Thatchers political leadership and many military leaders over the centuries. Apples success made Steve Jobs a successful leader and the main thing is Jobs personal creation is Apple. During his time there were Bill Gates and Michael Dell who were fabulously successful in different parts of the IT business, but Jobs Apple was among the three brands, always the most inventive, the idiosyncratic, maybe even the imperturbable brand. By this time, many of us already learned, heard, read and watched about Steve Jobs many contributions to the society, his achievements on many accounts. Consumers passions about Steve Jobs and the Apple are rare in the business world. In Soho I was passing by an Apple store not long ago and found flowers and hundreds of post it notes from so many expressing gratitude to Steve Jobs. As Mr. Walter Isaacson, his biographer and others have pointed out that however, Steve Jobs was beyond perfection.   Anyway, his leadership and management style, in particular is my main concern.   Most of us by this time know that Steve Jobs could be egotistical, autocratic, and harsh.   Yet he was a great leader. So, this overturns some management writers claims and thoughts todays business leaders need to be nice, kind, humble (Level 5 leadership), and practice servant leadership? I think the contradiction about leadership can be clarified by two sets of aspects. One we need to recognize the situational leadership. In some circumstances one style could work properly but that might not work in some others at all. Ambiguity or the surprise matter always there while claims being made about the behaviour and the characteristics of the universal leadership. Woking overseas and leading cross functional global teams definitely recognize leadership needs to be adapted culture specific. Mr. Jobs leadership not mentioning his genius activities was a key part in the success of Apple. If he had used another style, might not be able to achieve the glorious success at Apple. The other one is apart from arrogance style of Mr. Jobs he had some great executive leaders qualities visionary, risk taker, emotional stability, openness to experience, and highly focused, committed or persistent, passionate and positive attitude. Not only he dived into his vision, he made sure companys everyone brought into that created for the company a higher purpose which excited really the company employees. His products and passions of course were legendary in Apple. He established trust among company members not as a founder but in marketing and product design. Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Issues Section # 2 Leadership Organisational Behaviour Issues To understand the attached case studys key aspect module Organisational Behaviour, I have done a detailed research on Apple Inc. policies, leadership strategies etc. Balanced Scorecard Institute defined the balanced scorecard which is a management and planning system used to bring into line business activities to the vision and the organisations strategy, communications (internal external) improvement, and against strategic goals monitor organisational performance. Most organisations, to bring effective changes use the balanced scorecard. But APPLE INC. doesnt implement the scorecard for operating changes but uses for long term performance. It focuses on various categories of measurement in the following order Financial Perspective Shareholder Value Customer Perspective Market share and customer satisfaction Internal Process Perspective Core Competencies The Innovation and Improvement Perspective The three wide-ranging Organisational Behaviour aspects have been taken i.e. Leadership, Motivation, and Change Management to identify whether Apple Inc. is following a good strategy or any possibility of improvement or any requirement of complete change. Especially the focus is more or less orbited around the Apple Inc.s CEO Steve Jobs throughout the report and the way he be able to manage and motivate the Apple Inc.s employees Leadership Through the case study and because of Steve Jobs I deeply researched and found on crisis moment Apple called him and simply Steve Jobs turned the things around and took the organisation at top level, honestly I got charmed by this man. His leadership styles sets for everyone example, he is visionary and transformational leaders role model. For example the price of Apple share 2% fell on Steve Jobs illness rumour in 2008. Because of some power struggles internally, Apple forced Steve to leave his job in 1985 and after that nearly one decade Apple was in serious crisis. In 1996 financial losses was reaching $81600000 and in 1997 it was $1 billion and instead of $70 per share (1991) it became $14 per share. In 1997 March issue Fortune Magazine described Apple as Silicon Valleys paragon of dysfunctional management. (Woods, 1997). Later Apple appointed Steve Jobs as the CEO and everything started changing even Apple is much ahead than rivals HP, Dell, Microsoft etc. and posited or ranked sixth in the list of reputable companies. In spite of his all achievements, Steve always been encircled with arguments. Beside the concern of the products of Apple, he is looked up as a business idol. Transformation leadership consists of charisma, motivation (inspirational), stimulation (intellectual) and consideration (individual). Everybody knows that Steve Jobs had these all qualities except the last one consideration (individual). He had a perfection achieving phenomenal hunger and acted as a one man army to reformed computing system. From his past as well as the past of Apple we can see his greatness. Todays the digital image of the society is enhanced by the Apple i.e. Steve Jobs. During 1985 to 1997, successfully he transformed Pixar into a successful speculation. Only lack was Steve Jobs liked secrecy. Apple builds trust but never talked about their forthcoming products. They always talked about their achieved things and this behaviour effects a lot to the Apple Inc. employees. His arrogant and top-down approach is not going to work according to William C. Taylor (Harvard Business Review, 2009) With an excellent speech ability and superb fascinating influence over the audience and his employees, Steve Jobs is a very powerful charismatic leader. He made his employees enthusiastic by the charismatic power and convinced customers to buy Apples products. Apart from his charismatic power he is also known as devious, rude and corrupt. He did not respect individual, employees scared him, though its perfection quest but still shows his consideration for individual is low to some extent. He made his employees better but not to be easy on them. Survey in 2008 shows that employees were not enough satisfied with their bonus and compensation level but they had towards the products and the policies of the company full passion. Steve Jobs tremendous qualities of charismatic power, Apple outperformed others primarily in the business market. Though charismatic leadership power matched with him but his individual consideration does not go with him. In this respect my doubt goes whether Steve Jobs is a charismatic leader or a personalised leader more. Motivation The purpose and direction of behave is the psychological process which is referred by the Motivation. An organisation will be benefitted if the employees are motivated by effective productivity though its a very complex task as motivation keeps on changing. In 2010, Glassdoor results show clearly that Apples employees are respectful to their boss and are motivated. A few years before and the present Apple if compare, anyone can easily realise that Jobs was outstanding to get his employees commitment properly that proved Apples employees motivation. When excellence expected then employees need not be told anything said by Steve Jobs in 1989, initially needs to coach them. The motivation model of the Maslows hierarchy of needs (1943) describes that the needs can be classified into these stages (including last need being basic need most). SELF ACTUALISATION Doing what best you can do ESTEEM NEEDS Self-respect and respect from others BELONGING Acceptance and being part of something SAFETY NEEDS Physical and Psychological security PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS Hunger, Thirst, Rest etc. Esteem , Belonging and Self Actualisation needs are as highlighted is that according to me, these are the underperformances in the Apples motivation level for employees. Apple never put hard gear on the employees motivation as they never knew what company coming up with next. They are restricted to go from one department to another by using electronic badges as terrorists. Jobs kept software and hardware department separate and set in different buildings. Steve Jobs always looking for perfection, a notorious manager, instead of motivate he used his stick. This definitely is not followed the Maslows hierarchy of needs. Steve Jobs was an autocratic as he wanted people to listen to him. Though innovation is part of the involvement of the employees but this theory had a doubt on Apples innovation. Definitely it conflicts with the Self Actualisation Stage of Maslows hierarchy. In 2006, Roderick Kramer wrote for Harvard Business Review, a certain degree of forcefulness might prove to be useful when it comes to handling intractable problems. So, Steve jobs always worked on his own way and delivered fabulous results does not mean that his ways is the right way. Because its not about Steve Jobs, its the question about Apple Inc. So, therefore the way Jobs worked is not the right way. According to an insider Steve was acute with his employees, made them cry but also most of time he was right. His viewpoint was exceptional and he had no asshole rule, he was tyrant in his workplace but if employees not fully pleased then things not going to work same way in future. Change Management The development of an organisation depends on Change Management, a set of behavioural science-based theories, values and strategies. It is not an easy job. W Pasmore in 2010 said that many leaders failed to make operating and critical changes to led the organisation. Apple like many other big companies gained mastery in this matter. Not only Apple Inc. comes up with new and innovative technology but also the implementation of the financial figures of them vastly accepted all over the world. Steve Jobs has many reasons to be successful in change management and out of those understanding and anticipation of customers requirement most. Change Management helps an organisation to take from one level to the next level by treating Employees as Focus Group. Steve doesnt rely on focus groups, instead he is a steady believer that customers themselves dont know their requirement. Without asking them he has a strong understanding ability and can anticipate his customers call. So he treats as focus group his own employees and without any customer intervention makes the decision. By giving such huge importance to the employees, the employees themselves feel a part of the change. Thus he gains the employee loyalty very easily. The products like iPod, iPhone, and iTunes are great examples that prove his expertise in understanding the customer needs. Every individual thinks own way differently and has got own different insights and assertiveness in life. So, therefore, its not possible to get 100% support from all the employees. Rather, to accept and adapt to change, they need to be motivated and inspired enough. Jobs chooses team members by selecting multiplier factor of excellence. He believes that the extraordinary designers, engineers and managers are not only better than the good ones by 10 or 20 % but 10 times better. He feels that outstanding products come from their contributions. Eliminating Fear of Change: Over time, Steves leadership has made the organisations mantra, together with its distribution and channel partners. While iTunes launch, people thought it might change the entire music industry. With the charismatic ability Jobs eliminated the fear of change, and they achieved their 100% contribution and iTunes in the music industry made a revolution. Managing Changes in Distribution Strategy: the whole distribution strategy might be disrupted at time by the innovation and Apple faced the problem on their iPod launching time. They made good relation with big box stores like Wal Mart, Target etc. before introducing them in the consumer electronics industry. For distributing digital music iTunes also built a complete new distribution strategy successfully and thats the way Apple overcome the changing problem in distribution strategy. Analytical Framework and Evaluation Section # 3 Analytical Framework Evaluation Most business leaders expect to touch the level Steve Jobss did before he died in October 2011. He is the legendary visionary player one in a century. He is a dynamic and controversial leader and his success totally relied upon his innovation capabilities. During time the legacies left by many other protruding leaders become clear. However, we already by today have tremendous clarity of Jobss leadership. Because of the masterful biography of Walter Isaacson, we know that Jobs pursued former CEO of CNN and managing editor of  Time Isaacson, for five years (Jobss determination example in the book first among many), and then of course a much rarer incidence giving a free hand to him, promising: Its your book. I wont even read it. Certainly Steve Jobs was a wayward and ambitious leader, and his innovation, commercialization and services to the society through Apple Inc. changed the way of life styles of many of us and developed truthfully great ways for computing, publishing, movies, music, and mobile telephony industries. His way or style of leadership is complex, risky, committed and charismatic to convince customers and employees on his aspiration. Though he is greatest business executive of the era but he was critical, tyrant one. All too often he was the antithesis of the servant leader model popularized in the 1990s (the giving, caring organizational mentor who in many ways contrasted with the hero model of a century prior). Not only at Apple Inc. but at NeXT and at Pixar, he seeded powerful culture. He created a place where motivated people make great products. He had fascinating and perplexing leadership. Personally and professionally he fell in and out of love with people easily. Because of his great talent he created extraordinary skilful organisation but he missed many peoples potential contribution. In question of teamwork, he always challenged to do beyond the possible. So, a few strong people cope with this challenge to keep remain the pride but many others usually become frustrated. In a way this is a loss of encouragement and emotional effect as the theme comes up A players and B players. Then the misrepresenting habit of Steve Jobs in reality for fulfilling his purpose together with the intolerance, condemnation, and unfriendliness that often accompanied it. In one sense Steves version could create a compelling vision of what might be. Could observe his fostered cultures at his company Apple Inc. even though he was not with Apple for 10 years but his underlying essence of the culture which he had established somehow stayed alive. But on another sense, Steve Jobss criticism, unfriendliness and arrogance could be extremely estranging, which actually shattered his credibility, particularly the way he used it to terminate a hopeful impression or a determination as a piece of crap. The way Apple Inc. worked on last decade was a way to sink a company. It successfully did everything because of Jobs extraordinary talent at foreseeing and providing revolutionary products and services. His ability to originate for his customers in a way few leaders had done before obliged as a liniment to his bad-tempered personal style. There will be really few countable top leaders who pay much attention on design detail and other things of products as Jobs did. Without counting cost efficiency or sales volume or even the profit, Steve Jobs always measured the consumer appeal, functionality and simplicity of products. That attention was the vital part of his organisation Apple Inc.s strategic and marketing capabilities. Steve Jobs was alike Walt Disney and Edwin Land an entrepreneurial leader in these respects and he admired both of them. Jobs without any hesitation always declared that without showing what they want, customers do not know their requirements. Indeed, not infallible but he remarkably was able to develop products that consumers would buy and enjoy, as well as the self-reliance, audacity, and ambition to bring them to life. According to Isaacson, a blue collar mechanic and his adoptive father Jobs genius for imaginative leaps [that] were instinctive, unexpected, and at times magical Time goes on and Steve Jobs became a better leader of people. Though he never liked to live on his own shortcomings, Isaacson in 2007 quotes a statement revealing a somewhat unenthusiastic, even concealed sense of an imperative flaw. Because Steve Jobs and Woz were not good enough in making partnership with people but based on doing the whole banana they started the company, he said of Apples design philosophy. Only God knows if he could have some more time, he might be able to less the gap difference between his leadership DNA and the Apple Inc.s one. Conclusion and Recommendations Section # 4 Conclusion Recommendations If consider the Apple Inc. financial results then people might remark that most of the things in the company are going quite well. But the above entire analysis explains that a lot of loopholes are inside the functions of Apple Inc. which have need of a subterranean thought. All over the world millions of people were considering Steve Jobs as an idol but side by side his attitudes, arrogance or behaviours questions straightway whether he can be symbol as a transformational leader truly or should level him as a personalised leader. Definitely if someone think that Apples innovative products are a result of employee involvement and motivation then the idea is totally wrong. After getting the critical analysis of the motivation levels according to the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs help, it could be easily explainable that the sequentially described top three needs levels go uncertain in Apple employees case. But there is no doubt on the question that Apple has mastered in the concept of ch ange. Whether it is about training the employees for change or it is about managing the changes in distribution strategy, Apple has successfully managed changes both within as well as outside the organisation. My recommendations to the company, particularly to Steve Jobs, are: No wonder apple has no match in its innovation. But things can further improve provided that employees are given more freedom to express their thoughts. Moreover, if instead of Stick, Jobs can manage with some positive motivation, it can do wonders for the company as far as employee loyalty is concerned. Steve Jobs, undoubtedly, is a fantastic charismatic leader. The analysis in the report clearly shows that the charisma of Steve Jobs has single handed taken the company to such heights. But Apple needs to think beyond Steve Jobs. The company should start focussing more on its future, for which it is really important that the other members of the organisation also start scratching their heads and reduce their dependency on one man. According to The June 11, 2012 issue of  Fortune, at present the employees of Apple Inc. seems more than satisfied with Mr. Cook who often sits down with the Apple employees randomly at lunchtime whereas typically Jobs dined with his design chief. Employees used to loved, admired and feared Jobs but the way Cook treating his employees is the way employees expect to interact with their CEO. According to a University of Iowa study one statement easily can be perceived for Apple Inc. that no co-worker or colleague would be supportive or friendly with an abusive or critical boss like Steve Jobs, they will tolerate the behaviour of the boss as long as he is productive. At present all over in North America, current and aspiring executives either quoting what Steve Jobs said, but would urge others by criticizing them by the caution that Steve Jobs wouldnt do that. One thing is for sure, bringing up the next generation of leaders to emulate Steve Jobs leadership style will take our organizations, if not our society, backwards. Interestingly, Jobs may not be the incarnation of an effective leader in a way, he was far from being a conventional text-book example. Nevertheless, his captivation, self-confidence and thirst for work outshine all his imperfections, making him one of most successful CEOs of the decade.

Sojourner Truth Essay

Sojourner Truth was born in 1797 on the Colonel Johannes Hardenbergh estate in Swartekill, in Ulster County, a Dutch settlement in upstate New York. Her given name was Isabella Baumfree, also spelled Bomefree. She was one of 13 children born to Elizabeth and James Baumfree, also slaves on the Hardenbergh plantation. She spoke only Dutch until she was sold from her family around the age of nine. Isabella suffered very cruel treatment once her first master died and she was sold to her next master, John Neely.Neely’s wife and family only spoke English and beat Isabella fiercely for the frequent miscommunications. She learned to speak English quickly, but she still had her Dutch accent. She later spoke up and said that Neely once whipped her with â€Å"a bundle of rods, prepared in the embers, and bound together with cords. † During this time that she began praying aloud when she became scared or hurt. In 1815, she fell in love with a slave named Robert. Robert's owner forb ade the relationship because he did not want his slave having children with a slave he did not own.One night Robert visited Isabella, but was followed by his owner and son, who beat him savagely, bruising and mangling his head and face, and dragged him away. She never got to see him again. Isabella had a daughter shortly thereafter, named Diana. In 1817, she was forced to marry an older slave named Thomas. They had four children: Peter, James, who died young, Elizabeth, and Sophia. In 1799, the state of New York began to legislate the gradual abolition of slaves, which was supposed to happen July 4, 1827. Dumont had promised Isabella freedom a year before the state emancipation if she would do well and be faithful.However, he reneged on his promise. She continued working until she felt she had done enough to satisfy her sense of obligation to him. She then escaped with her infant daughter, Sophia. Isabella went the home of Isaac and Maria Van Wagenen. Dumont found her and demanded h er to go back. When she refused he threatened to take her baby. Isaac offered to buy her services for the remainder of the year. Dumont accepted his offer for $20. Isaac and Maria insisted Isabella not call them â€Å"master† and â€Å"mistress,† but by their names.Once Isabella heard about her son she immediately set to work retrieving her young son Peter. He had recently been sold illegally to a slave holder in Alabama. She took it to the court and won. She was one of the first African Americans to win a court case. Isabella had a life-changing religious experience and became inspired to preach. In 1829, she left Ulster County and became known as a remarkable preacher, whose influence was miraculous. She soon met Elijah Pierson, a religious reformer who advocated strict adherence to Old Testament laws for salvation.In 1834, Pierson had died and the Folger family accused Isabella of stealing their money and poisoning Elijah. Everything was eventually acquitted. Isabel la settled in New York City, but she had lost what savings and possessions she had. She resolved to leave and make her way as a traveling preacher. On June 1, 1843, she changed her name to Sojourner Truth. She traveled, depending on the kindness of strangers. She began dictating her memoirs to Olive Gilbert. The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave was published privately by William Lloyd Garrison in 1850.It gave her an income and increased her speaking engagements. She spoke about anti-slavery and women's rights, often giving personal testimony about her experiences as a slave. That same year, 1850, Benson's cotton mill failed and he left Northampton. In 1854, at the Ohio Woman's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio, she gave her most famous speech, with the legendary phrase, â€Å"Ain't I a Woman? † During the Civil War, she spoke on the Union's behalf, as well as for enlisting black troops for the cause and freeing slaves.In 1864, she worked among freed slaves at a g overnment refugee camp on an island in Virginia and was employed by the National Freedman's Relief Association in Washington, D. C. She also met President Abraham Lincoln in October. In 1863, Harriet Beecher Stowe's article â€Å"The Libyan Sibyl† appeared in the Atlantic Monthly; a romanticized description of Sojourner. In 1870, she began campaigning for the federal government to provide former slaves with land. She pursued this for seven years. In 1874, she developed ulcers on her leg. She was successfully treated by Dr.Orville Guiteau, veterinarian, but had to return home due to illness once more. She did toured as much as she could, still campaigning for free land for former slaves. In 1879, Sojourner was delighted as many freed slaves began migrating west and north on their own. She spent a year helping refugees and speaking in white and black churches trying to gain support for the â€Å"Exodusters† as they tried to build new lives for themselves. This was her la st mission. In July of 1883, with ulcers on her legs, she sought treatment through Dr. John Harvey Kellogg at his famous Battle Creek Sanitarium.It is said he grafted some of his own skin onto her leg. Sojourner returned home and died there on November 26, 1883, at 86 years old. She was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery next to her grandson. WORK CITIED Pauli, Hertha Ernestine. Her Name Was Sojourner Truth. NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962. Slave Narratives. NY: Library of America, 2000. Stetson, Erlene, and Linda David. Glorying in Tribulation: The Lifework of Sojourner Truth. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 1994. http://www. biography. com/people/sojourner-truth-9511284 http://www. harpyness. com/2009/02/09/honoring-sojourner-truth-1797-1883/